Chromium processing Britannica
Low carbon ferrochromium When chromite and lime are melted in an open electric arc furnace and then contacted with ferrochrome silicon a low carbon 0 05 percent ferrochromium can be obtained In an alternate process high carbon ferrochromium is oxidized and then blended with additional high carbon ferrochromium
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Extraction of Chromium from Chromite Ore
Chromite Ore Processing Low grade ore obtained from an open cut trench at a chromite deposit near Auburn Semiquantitative weight percent data were collected for four elements namely Cr Fe Al and Mg and they are shown as part of the figures in the form of ratios with the most abundant element being assigned a value of 1 As can be
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Solid State Reduction of Preoxidized Chromite iron Ore
For sesquioxide Fe Cr Al 2 O 3 according to the previous researches 10 12 its reducibility is better than chromite spinel Fe Mg Cr Al Fe 2 O 4 but inferior to iron oxide Fe 2 O 3 Reducing tendency from point c to point b as the dotted line shown in Fig 5 represents reduction of Fe Cr Al 2 O 3 is more thermodynamically
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Chrome ore beneficiation challenges opportunitiesA
Research highlights High tailing losses from the existing chromite plants 9–20 Cr 2 O 3 Accumulation of huge amount of low and sub grade fines 10–30 Cr 2 O 3 Utilization of stockpiled tailings containing chromite values Concentrate with required Cr 2 O 3 content and Cr/Fe ratio Unrecoverable ultrafine chrome particles
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Improvement in Cr Fe Ratio of Indian Chromite Ore for
The Cr/Fe ratio of chromite concentrate was investigated by Murthy et al and found that it can be improved up to 2 8 by using wet high intensity magnetic separator or gravity concentration equipment such as wet shaking table 5 The Cr Fe ratio of the two off grade ferruginous chromite sample from India was improved from 1 85 to 3 0 and 10 30 recovery by high intensity magnetic separator 3
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Smelting Process of Chromite Ore Fines to Produce Crude Fe
The smelting behavior of waste chromite ore fines containing Cr and Ni to produce crude Fe–Cr–Ni–N alloy was investigated in this study In the experiments for each heat liquid steel melt metal pool 1 kg was prepared in a 3 capacity laboratory scale electric arc furnace for the absorption of reduced metals like chromium nickel etc under hydrogen and nitrogen plasma atmosphere at
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Some studies on recovery of chromium from chromite ore
Some studies on recovery of chromium from chromite ore processing residues K J Sreeram M K Tiwarib T Ramasami Chemical Laboratory Central Leather Research Institute Adyar Chennai 600 020 India 0 5 moles/mole Cr Fe in the presence I absence of sodium hydroxide 0 0 5 gig COPR in a reductive atmosphere at 600 C for 4h The
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Detoxification and immobilization of chromite ore
As a by product of the extraction of chromium from chromite ores chromite ore processing residue COPR is a major Cr bearing waste and has become the main source of Cr pollution in the environment After several decades of chromium extraction the accumulated quantity of COPR is significant especially in some developing countries
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v117n11a9 SEM image processing as an alternative
chromite reduction value for typical South African metallurgical grade chromite ore which is calculated from total Cr/34 67 total Fe/55 85 /100 Although this value is indicated as a constant in Equation 1 it was actually calculated for each analysis to compensate for different chromite compositions
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Treatment of Hexavalent Chromium in Chromite Ore
We investigated a method for delivering ferrous iron into the subsurface to enhance chemical reduction of Cr VI in chromite ore processing solid waste COPSW derived from the production of ferrochrome alloy The COPSW is characterized by high pH 8 5−11 5 and high Cr VI concentrations in the solid phase up to 550 mg kg 1 and dissolved phase 3−57 mg L 1
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Conversion of Chromium Ore Processing Residue to
4 4C Æ Fe 2Cr 4 CO 2 and C CO 2 Æ 2CO Carbon the reductant amount size type Ding 1997 used graphite bought from Aldrich Chemical The weight ratio of graphite to chromite 40 Cr 2O 3 24 Fe 2O 3 in the composite pellets was 0 21 which was about 10 in excess of the stoichiometric requirement for the reduction of Cr and Fe
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ANALYSIS OF CHROMITE PROCESSING PLANT DATA BY
results of analysis and simulations of a chromite processing plant data determined by time series model The plant data obtained by shift to shift include feed grade concentrate grade tailing grade Cr/Fe ratio in concentrate All the chromite processing data were found stationary over time The autocorrelation was
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Chromite ore processing as Cr Cr2FeO4Detectors
Suitable products for Chromite ore processing as Cr Cr 2 FeO 4 Whether portable gas detectors gas detection tubes or personal protective equipmentDräger offers a comprehensive portfolio to protect you when handling hazardous substances
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Leaching of Valuable Elements from the Waste Chromite
chromite ore processing residue COPR is important for chromate salt production In this study the leaching of valuable elements from the waste COPR was investigated X ray diffraction XRD analysis showed that the COPR mainly contained periclase MgCr 2 O 4 magnesiochromite Fe Mg Cr Fe 2 O 4 Fe Cr Al 2 O 4 and MgFeAlO 4
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Smelting Process of Chromite Ore Fines to Produce Crude Fe
The maximum chromium yield from the chromite ore is 99 9 when the Cr to Cr Fe ratio in briquettes is 0 05 while it is only 67 1 when the Cr to Cr Fe ratio is 0 20 In this study the reduction of chromite ore is promoted by the solid state reduction mechanism
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Treatment of hexavalent chromium in chromite ore
We investigated a method for delivering ferrous iron into the subsurface to enhance chemical reduction of Cr VI in chromite ore processing solid waste COPSW derived from the production of ferrochrome alloy
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A Process Mineralogical Evaluation of Chromite at the
Chromite is a member of the spinel group and is the only economically important ore mineral of chromium It is used extensively by the metallurgical industry as feedstock for ferroalloy production 1 2 3 4 romite ore is commonly classified into different grades based on the Cr/Fe ratio as well as the Cr 2 O 3 content These being metallurgical grade chemical grade and refractory grade
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Processing of Low Grade Chromite Ore for Ferroalloy
It is evident from the detailed characterization studies that the chromite minerals can be separated and consequently the Cr/Fe ratio of the chromite can increase With these findings beneficiation studies have been carried out in gravity concentration by using wet shaking table and magnetic concentration by WHIMS
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Chromite ore processing as Cr Cr2FeO4Detectors
Suitable products for Chromite ore processing as Cr Cr 2 FeO 4 Whether portable gas detectors gas detection tubes or personal protective equipmentDräger offers a comprehensive portfolio to protect you when handling hazardous substances Protective Suits Dräger CPS 7900
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Chromium Remediation or Release Effect of Iron II
Columns of Chromite Ore Processing Residue Al Fe Cr O 5 which is associated with Cr III In addition there was a large fraction about 35 of amorphous material 4 12 13 The mineral composition and chemistry of COPR shows important similarities
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Microstructural Analyses of Cr VI Speciation in Chromite
significant amounts of Cr VI and Cr III with HB exhibiting higher total Cr concentration The major elements in both samples were Ca Fe Al and Mg reflecting the lime addition and composition of chromite ore Three potential Cr VI sinks were identified CAC hy drotalcite HT and hydrogarnet HG Table 1 and Figure
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Chromium Remediation or Release Effect of Iron II
Columns of Chromite Ore Processing Residue Al Fe Cr O 5 which is associated with Cr III In addition there was a large fraction about 35 of amorphous material 4 12 13 The mineral composition and chemistry of COPR shows important similarities
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v118n6a15 Fluxing of South African chromite ore with
The Cr/Fe ratio of the ore largely determines the Cr content of the product from a particular furnace Typical figures for chrome recoveries in various furnaces are given in Table II Gasik 2013 The energy required for smelting is also given kWh/t FeCr product The chromite feed material is often pelletized and then
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PDF IMPROVEMENT in Cr/Fe RATIO of TURKISH CHROMITE
The column bacterial leaching also experimented and the Cr2O3 content of the chromite concentrate was upgraded to 51 50 from 48 70 with Cr/Fe ratio of 2 73 from 2 24
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Magnetic separation studies on ferruginous chromite fine
The Cr Fe ratio chromium to iron mass ratio of chromite affects the production of chrome based ferroalloys Although the literature contains numerous reports related to the magnetic separation of different minerals limited work concerning the application of magnetic separation to fine chromite from the Sukinda region of India to enhance its Cr Fe ratio has been reported
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SOME ASPECTS OF THE PRODUCTION OF
The chromite ore Cr/Fe ratio is of importance as it directly affects the alloy Cr grade whilst the gangue elements affect the melting energy and rate as well as the slag chemistry The chromite spinel ore morphology can be described stoichiometrically as Fe Mg Cr Al Fe 2O4 and chromite ores often contain gangue elements of SiO2 and MgO
Get PriceImprovement in Cr Fe Ratio of Indian Chromite Ore for
International Journal of Mining Engineering and Mineral Processing 2012 1 3 DOI 10 5923/j mining 01 Improvement in Cr Fe Ratio of Indian Chromite Ore for
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Chromite Mineral Data
General Chromite Information Chemical Formula Fe Cr2O4 Composition Molecular Weight = 223 84 gm Chromium 46 46 Cr 67 90 Cr 2 O 3 Iron 24 95 Fe 32 10 FeO Oxygen 28 59 O 100 00 100 00 = TOTAL OXIDE
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Improvement in Cr Fe Ratio of Indian Chromite Ore for
at Karagedic chromite concentrate of Turkey assaying 23 Cr2O3 was treated in wet high intensity magnetic separator and column flotation for producing the concentrate assaying 46 48 Cr2O3 with an recovery of 60 65 Similarly the magnetic separation technique was employed for Anka chromite ore which resulted improvement of Cr2O3 to 48 with Cr Fe ratio of 6 2 from the feed
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Long term stability of FeSO4 and H2SO4 treated chromite
4 − both reinforced Cr VI release from COPR core to react with Fe II Abstract In this study the long term stability of Cr VI in the FeSO 4 and H 2 SO 4 FeSO 4 H 2 SO 4 treated chromite ore processing residue COPR after 400 curing days
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Remediation of hexavalent chromium contamination in
Remediation of hexavalent chromium contamination in chromite ore processing residue by sodium dithionite and sodium phosphate applications involves the conversion of Fe III present in the Cr containing 4 wastes or soils to Fe II by Na 2 S 2 O 4 and the subsequent reduction of Cr VI to Cr III by Fe II to form the Cr x Fe 1 x
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Application of Full Factorial Experimental Design and
Chromite ore Mg Fe Cr Al Fe 2O4 is an oxide mineral which is the most important source of chromium It is used for various purposes in metallurgical refractory and chemical industries In 2013 South Africa was the world s dominant chromite producer followed by Kazakhstan India and Turkey 1
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Treatment of hexavalent chromium in chromite ore
We investigated a method for delivering ferrous iron into the subsurface to enhance chemical reduction of Cr VI in chromite ore processing solid waste COPSW derived from the production of ferrochrome alloy The COPSW is characterized by high pH 8 5 11 5 and high Cr VI concentrations in the sol
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